Vehicular camera with focus athermalization

ABSTRACT

A camera module for a vehicular vision system includes a lens barrel having a lens, a front camera housing portion configured to receive an imager PCB therein, and a rear camera housing portion mated with a rear portion of the front camera housing. The imager PCB is disposed at the lens barrel with the imager optically aligned with the lens. A thermal element is disposed between the front camera housing portion and the imager PCB. The thermal element (i) has a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) element of 10 ppm/° C. or less or (ii) has its temperature controlled via a thermoelectric device of said camera module. Circuitry of the camera module is electrically connected to the imager PCB and is electrically connected to electrical connecting elements that are configured to electrically connect to a wire harness of the vehicle.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application claims priority of U.S. provisional applicationSer. No. 62/711,656, filed Jul. 30, 2018, and U.S. provisionalapplication Ser. No. 62/649,652, filed Mar. 29, 2018, which are herebyincorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates generally to a vehicle vision system for avehicle and, more particularly, to a vehicle vision system that utilizesone or more cameras at a vehicle.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Use of imaging sensors in vehicle imaging systems is common and known.Examples of such known systems are described in U.S. Pat. Nos.5,949,331; 5,670,935 and/or 5,550,677, which are hereby incorporatedherein by reference in their entireties. Various cameras have beenproposed for such imaging systems, including cameras of the typesdescribed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,965,336 and U.S. Publication No.US-2009-0244361, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference intheir entireties.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention provides a vision system or imaging system for avehicle that utilizes one or more cameras to capture image datarepresentative of images exterior of the vehicle. The camera or cameramodule comprises an imager and a circuit board (or circuit boards) and alens at a lens barrel. A front camera housing portion is configured toreceive an imager printed circuit board therein, with the imager printedcircuit board disposed at the lens barrel with the imager opticallyaligned with an optical axis of optical elements of the lens. A rearcamera housing portion is mated with a rear portion of the front camerahousing so as to encase and seal the imager printed circuit board in thecamera module. A thermal element disposed between the front camerahousing portion and the imager printed circuit board. The thermalelement is selected from the group consisting of (i) a thermal elementhaving a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) element of less than 10ppm/° C. and (ii) a thermal element that has its temperature controlledvia a thermal electric device of said camera module. Circuitry of thecamera module is electrically connected to the imager (and thethermoelectric device if applicable) and is electrically connected toelectrical connecting elements that are configured to electricallyconnect to a wire harness of the vehicle.

These and other objects, advantages, purposes and features of thepresent invention will become apparent upon review of the followingspecification in conjunction with the drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a plan view of a vehicle with a vision system thatincorporates multiple cameras;

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a camera module in accordance with thepresent invention; and

FIG. 3 is a sectional view of another camera module in accordance withthe present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

A vehicle vision system and/or driver assist system and/or objectdetection system and/or alert system operates to capture images exteriorof the vehicle and may process the captured image data to display imagesand to detect objects at or near the vehicle and in the predicted pathof the vehicle, such as to assist a driver of the vehicle in maneuveringthe vehicle in a rearward direction. The vision system includes an imageprocessor or image processing system that is operable to receive imagedata from one or more cameras and provide an output to a display devicefor displaying images representative of the captured image data.Optionally, the vision system may provide display, such as a rearviewdisplay or a top down or bird's eye or surround view display or thelike.

Referring now to the drawings and the illustrative embodiments depictedtherein, a vehicle 10 includes an imaging system or vision system 12that includes at least one exterior facing imaging sensor or camera,such as a rearward facing imaging sensor or camera 14 a (and the systemmay optionally include multiple exterior facing imaging sensors orcameras, such as a forwardly facing camera 14 b at the front (or at thewindshield) of the vehicle, and a sideward/rearward facing camera 14 c,14 d at respective sides of the vehicle), which captures images exteriorof the vehicle, with the camera having a lens for focusing images at oronto an imaging array or imaging plane or imager of the camera (FIG. 1).Optionally, a forward viewing camera may be disposed at the windshieldof the vehicle and view through the windshield and forward of thevehicle, such as for a machine vision system (such as for traffic signrecognition, headlamp control, pedestrian detection, collisionavoidance, lane marker detection and/or the like). The vision system 12includes a control or electronic control unit (ECU) or processor 18 thatis operable to process image data captured by the camera or cameras andmay detect objects or the like and/or provide displayed images at adisplay device 16 for viewing by the driver of the vehicle (althoughshown in FIG. 1 as being part of or incorporated in or at an interiorrearview mirror assembly 20 of the vehicle, the control and/or thedisplay device may be disposed elsewhere at or in the vehicle). The datatransfer or signal communication from the camera to the ECU may compriseany suitable data or communication link, such as a vehicle network busor the like of the equipped vehicle.

The control unit may comprise or may be part of an autonomous vehiclecontrol system, whereby the cameras capture image data that is processedfor use in autonomously controlling the vehicle. Autonomous vehiclecameras may require very high levels of focus precision in allenvironments. This means the lens-to-image sensor distance must bestable. The coefficient of thermal expansion for standard materials suchas aluminum, zinc and magnesium may be too high for the required rangeof temperatures for automotive cameras.

As shown in FIG. 2, the camera module of the present invention includesa lens barrel and camera upper or front housing portion, with the imagerdisposed at or near the lens barrel and focused and aligned with theoptical elements of the lens barrel.

The camera module 14 includes a thermal element 22 comprising a very lowcoefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) material between the lens (orlens holder) and the imager (or imager circuit board). As shown in FIG.2, the low CTE athermalization material (such as, for example, Invar orother suitable material) is disposed at the lens holder 24 of the frontcamera housing portion 26 and between the lens holder and the imagercircuit board or imager PCB 28. The thermal element or low CTE material22 attaches the imager PCB to the lens barrel system and secures orattaches the imager PCB relative to the lens barrel system afteralignment and focusing of the lens and imager. A pliable quick-cureadhesive 30 may be disposed at the imager circuit board, and anintermediary material 32 between the adhesive and the low CTE componentmay be provided for bonding purposes.

The CTE of the material should at least less than about 13 ppm/° C. asis common for many metals such as steel and titanium. This range canalso be achieved with some glass filled plastics such as Polyamide-imide(PAI), Polyetherimide (PEI) and PolyEtherEtherKetone (PEEK). However, amaterial having a CTE of less than about 10 ppm/° C. is preferred, andpreferably a material having a CTE less than about 7 ppm/° C. or lessthan about 5 ppm/° C. For example, a material with a CTE property ofless than about 2 ppm/° C. is preferred. An example of such a materialis Invar, generically known as FeNi36 or 64FeNi, or a variant of Invar,such as Inovco or Kovar.

Adhesion to this very low CTE material may be promoted by way of surfacetreatments or a secondary thin intermediary material such as epoxy. Theintermediary material is selected to bond well to the low CTE componentand to reside between the CTE component and the unique and knownadhesives necessary for camera production.

Optionally, the low CTE material/component and/or the intermediarymaterial/component may be a component only directly between the lens andimager or may be expanded to serve as a larger portion of the camerastructure. For example, the entire front of the camera, including thelens barrel, could be formed from this low CTE material. Optionally, theathermalization material/component and/or the intermediarymaterial/component may comprise a suitable higher CTE material that maybe selected to actively control the focus, depending on the particularcamera application, including the particular camera structure and lensbehavior. In such an application, the higher CTE materials may have aCTE of around 30 ppm/° C. or more, such as up to or greater than around50 ppm/° C. or more, or even up to or greater than around 100 ppm/° C.,depending on the particular application and desired function of thematerial/component.

The high precision autonomous vehicle camera may have internaltemperature control for image sensor performance reasons. This samearchitecture can be expanded to include temperature control of thelens-to-imager structure.

Optionally, for example, the autonomous vehicle camera may includeactive cooling. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the rear housing portion ofthe camera 14 may include an electrically powered thermoelectric cooler(TEC) 34 that is in contact with a heat transfer element or cold finger36 that extends from the TEC to the imager circuit board 28. The TEC isused to substantially cool the image sensor to a desired temperature.The camera includes temperature sensors within the camera that are usedto control power to the TEC as needed for cooling effect. For example,responsive to the sensed temperature being above a threshold level,power to the TEC may be provided or increased or modulated or controlledto provide more cooling. The system may continuously or episodicallysense or monitor the camera temperature and may continuously orepisodically adjust the power supplied to the TEC to provide the desiredcooling effect. The sensor and control for sensing temperature andcontrolling or powering the TEC may be part of the camera module itself,such as part of the circuitry disposed on one or more circuit boards inthe camera module.

Optionally, the camera may include features to control the temperatureof the lens-to-imager material or component, such that the CTEproperties may not be as critical (due to the reduction in temperaturevariation of the lens-to-imager material or component). For example, andsuch as shown in FIG. 3, the thermal element may comprise or include athermal electric cooler 34 used to limit the imager temperature in hotenvironments may also be used to control the temperature of internalmaterials that hold lens-to-imager distance. For example, a thermalelectric cooler (or additional thermal electric cooler or TEC) may beadded to control the temperature of the internal materials that hold thelens-to-imager distance.

In the illustrated embodiment, the camera includes lens-to-imager posts40 that may be surface mounted to the imager PCB 28 so as to provideenhanced thermal conduction to cooling components. A compliant orpliable quick-cure adhesive 30 is disposed between the posts and thecamera housing 26 or lens holder 24 and may also serve as a thermalinsulator between the temperature controlled lens-to-imager material orposts and the camera housing or lens holder. The lens-to-imagerstructure can be made out of materials currently suitable for adhesivesand soldering processes, such as, for example, aluminum or nickel platedsteel or the like.

Optionally, and as also shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, the rear cover of thecamera will be used as a “heat sink” and can have cooling fins or pins42. The TEC is disposed or captured between the rear cover or rearhousing portion and a copper or aluminum “cold finger” or element thatdirects or transfers the heat from the image sensor to the TEC.Optionally, a thermal element or thermal interface material 38 may bedisposed between the imager circuit board and the heat transfer elementto enhance heat transfer from the rear of the imager circuit board tothe heat transfer element.

In the illustrated embodiment, the camera module includes two printedcircuit boards (in addition to the imager PCB) that include circuitryassociated with the imager and camera. The heat transfer elementprotrudes generally centrally aligned holes or apertures in the two PCBsand terminates at the rear of the imager PCB, such that the heattransfer element thermally conductively connects at the rear of theimager PCB to draw or conduct or transfer heat generated by the imager(during operation of the camera) away from the imager PCB to the TEC andrear cover or housing portion. Optionally, the heat transfer element maycontact one or both of the other PCBs to draw heat from them as well.Circuitry of the PCBs and of the camera module (including the TEC orcircuitry associated with the TEC) is electrically connected to theimager and is electrically connected to electrical connecting elementsthat are configured to electrically connect to a wire harness of thevehicle. Optionally, the camera may only comprise a single PCB, whichhas the imager disposed at one side (facing the lens) and circuitry andthermal interface material disposed at the other side (facing the TECand rear of the camera housing). The circuitry (which may be disposed atboth sides of the single PCB (or multiple PCBs) may include electricalconnector elements for electrically connecting to the wire harness ofthe vehicle when the camera is installed at the vehicle.

The thermal electric cooler or TEC may be operable to heat or coolselected components of the camera to take into account temperaturechanges and effects on various camera components. Optionally, the TECmay be actively controlled to change the focus of the camera regardlessof temperature variations and component expansion or contraction due toextreme temperature changes. For example, the TEC may heat or cool thelens-to-imager posts to change the gap between the lens and the imagerand thus to change the focus of the lens at the imager, or the TEC mayheat or cool the heat transfer element or cold finger to cause expansionor contraction of that element to move the imager relative to the lensto change the gap between the lens and the imager and thus to change thefocus of the lens at the imager.

The TEC thus provides an active focus or controllable focusing device,which may be operable to adjust the focus of the camera responsive to,for example, processing of image data captured by the camera (to bringthe images into sharper focus or to adjust focus to enhance focusing ofparticular elements present in the field of view of the camera or toprovide closer focus or more distant focus depending on the particularapplication or situation). For example, for a backup camera and during areversing maneuver of the vehicle, the system may adjust focusing of thecamera to closer objects responsive to detection of an object orpotential hazard immediately rearward of the vehicle, but may adjustfocusing of the camera to further objects or distances when no suchobjects or potential hazards are detected (to provide a clearer videodisplay of the region rearward of the vehicle for the driver to viewduring the reversing maneuver). Optionally, the TEC may provide such anactive focus feature responsive to a user input or responsive totemperature sensors or the like at the camera. Optionally, the TEC mayfunction to heat or cool other components of the camera that (whenheated/expanded or cooled/contracted) may affect the relative positionof the lens and imager and thus may affect the focus of the camera.

Optionally, the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of variouscomponents may be selected such that the element(s) that the TECheats/cools may expand/contract more or less than other components toachieve the desired lens-to-imager adjustment (such as by utilizingaspects of the cameras described in U.S. provisional applications, Ser.No. 62/696,502, filed Jul. 11, 2018, and Ser. No. 62/690,527, filed Jun.27, 2018, which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in theirentireties). For example, materials with higher or lower CTEs may beselected to expand/contract more or less when the TEC heats/cools,whereby the components work together to adjust the focus of the camera.

The camera module may utilize aspects of the cameras and connectorsdescribed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,621,769; 9,277,104; 9,077,098; 8,994,878;8,542,451 and/or 7,965,336, and/or U.S. Publication Nos.US-2009-0244361; US-2013-0242099; US-2014-0373345; US-2015-0124098;US-2015-0222795; US-2015-0327398; US-2016-0243987; US-2016-0268716;US-2016-0286103; US-2016-0037028; US-2017-0054881; US-2017-0133811;US-2017-0201661; US-2017-0280034; US-2017-0295306; US-2017-0302829and/or US-2018-0098033, and/or U.S. patent application Ser. No.16/165,170, filed Oct. 19, 2018, Ser. No. 16/165,204, filed Oct. 19,2018, and/or Ser. No. 16/165,253, filed Oct. 19, 2018, which are herebyincorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

The camera or sensor may comprise any suitable camera or sensor.Optionally, the camera may comprise a “smart camera” that includes theimaging sensor array and associated circuitry and image processingcircuitry and electrical connectors and the like as part of a cameramodule, such as by utilizing aspects of the vision systems described inInternational Publication Nos. WO 2013/081984 and/or WO 2013/081985,which are hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

The system includes an image processor operable to process image datacaptured by the camera or cameras, such as for detecting objects orother vehicles or pedestrians or the like in the field of view of one ormore of the cameras. For example, the image processor may comprise animage processing chip selected from the EYEQ family of image processingchips available from Mobileye Vision Technologies Ltd. of Jerusalem,Israel, and may include object detection software (such as the typesdescribed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,855,755; 7,720,580 and/or 7,038,577, whichare hereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties), andmay analyze image data to detect vehicles and/or other objects.Responsive to such image processing, and when an object or other vehicleis detected, the system may generate an alert to the driver of thevehicle and/or may generate an overlay at the displayed image tohighlight or enhance display of the detected object or vehicle, in orderto enhance the driver's awareness of the detected object or vehicle orhazardous condition during a driving maneuver of the equipped vehicle.

For example, the vision system and/or processing and/or camera and/orcircuitry may utilize aspects described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 9,233,641;9,146,898; 9,174,574; 9,090,234; 9,077,098; 8,818,042; 8,886,401;9,077,962; 9,068,390; 9,140,789; 9,092,986; 9,205,776; 8,917,169;8,694,224; 7,005,974; 5,760,962; 5,877,897; 5,796,094; 5,949,331;6,222,447; 6,302,545; 6,396,397; 6,498,620; 6,523,964; 6,611,202;6,201,642; 6,690,268; 6,717,610; 6,757,109; 6,802,617; 6,806,452;6,822,563; 6,891,563; 6,946,978; 7,859,565; 5,550,677; 5,670,935;6,636,258; 7,145,519; 7,161,616; 7,230,640; 7,248,283; 7,295,229;7,301,466; 7,592,928; 7,881,496; 7,720,580; 7,038,577; 6,882,287;5,929,786 and/or 5,786,772, and/or U.S. Publication Nos.US-2014-0340510; US-2014-0313339; US-2014-0347486; US-2014-0320658;US-2014-0336876; US-2014-0307095; US-2014-0327774; US-2014-0327772;US-2014-0320636; US-2014-0293057; US-2014-0309884; US-2014-0226012;US-2014-0293042; US-2014-0218535; US-2014-0218535; US-2014-0247354;US-2014-0247355; US-2014-0247352; US-2014-0232869; US-2014-0211009;US-2014-0160276; US-2014-0168437; US-2014-0168415; US-2014-0160291;US-2014-0152825; US-2014-0139676; US-2014-0138140; US-2014-0104426;US-2014-0098229; US-2014-0085472; US-2014-0067206; US-2014-0049646;US-2014-0052340; US-2014-0025240; US-2014-0028852; US-2014-005907;US-2013-0314503; US-2013-0298866; US-2013-0222593; US-2013-0300869;US-2013-0278769; US-2013-0258077; US-2013-0258077; US-2013-0242099;US-2013-0215271; US-2013-0141578 and/or US-2013-0002873, which are allhereby incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. The systemmay communicate with other communication systems via any suitable means,such as by utilizing aspects of the systems described in InternationalPublication Nos. WO 2010/144900; WO 2013/043661 and/or WO 2013/081985,and/or U.S. Pat. No. 9,126,525, which are hereby incorporated herein byreference in their entireties.

The system may utilize sensors, such as radar or lidar sensors or thelike. The sensing system may utilize aspects of the systems described inU.S. Pat. Nos. 9,753,121; 9,689,967; 9,599,702; 9,575,160; 9,146,898;9,036,026; 8,027,029; 8,013,780; 6,825,455; 7,053,357; 7,408,627;7,405,812; 7,379,163; 7,379,100; 7,375,803; 7,352,454; 7,340,077;7,321,111; 7,310,431; 7,283,213; 7,212,663; 7,203,356; 7,176,438;7,157,685; 6,919,549; 6,906,793; 6,876,775; 6,710,770; 6,690,354;6,678,039; 6,674,895 and/or 6,587,186, and/or International PublicationNos. WO 2018/007995 and/or WO 2011/090484, and/or U.S. Publication Nos.US-2018-0231635; US-2018-0045812; US-2018-0015875; US-2017-0356994;US-2017-0315231; US-2017-0276788; US-2017-0254873; US-2017-0222311and/or US-2010-0245066, which are hereby incorporated herein byreference in their entireties.

Changes and modifications in the specifically described embodiments canbe carried out without departing from the principles of the invention,which is intended to be limited only by the scope of the appendedclaims, as interpreted according to the principles of patent lawincluding the doctrine of equivalents.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A camera module for a vehicular visionsystem, said camera module comprising: a lens barrel having a lenscomprising a plurality of optical elements fixedly disposed at said lensbarrel; a front camera housing portion configured to receive an imagerprinted circuit board therein, wherein an imager is disposed at saidimager printed circuit board; wherein said imager printed circuit boardis disposed at said lens barrel with said imager optically aligned withan optical axis of said optical elements; a rear camera housing portionmated with a rear portion of said front camera housing portion so as toencase the imager printed circuit board in said camera module; whereinsaid imager printed circuit board is attached at said front camerahousing portion to retain said imager in alignment with the optical axisof said optical elements of said lens; a thermal element disposed atsaid imager printed circuit board; wherein said thermal elementcomprises one selected from the group consisting of (i) a thermalelement that is disposed between said imager printed circuit board andsaid front camera housing portion and that has a coefficient of thermalexpansion (CTE) of 10 ppm/° C. or less and (ii) a thermal element thatis disposed at a side of said imager printed circuit board opposite fromsaid imager and that has its temperature controlled via a thermoelectricdevice of said camera module; and wherein circuitry of said cameramodule is electrically connected to said imager printed circuit boardand is electrically connected to electrical connecting elements that areconfigured to electrically connect to a wire harness of a vehicleequipped with said camera module.
 2. The camera module of claim 1,wherein said thermal element is disposed between said imager printedcircuit board and said front camera housing portion and has a CTE of 10ppm/° C. or less.
 3. The camera module of claim 2, wherein said thermalelement has a CTE of 7 ppm/° C. or less.
 4. The camera module of claim3, wherein said thermal element has a CTE of 5 ppm/° C. or less.
 5. Thecamera module of claim 1, wherein said thermal element is disposed atthe side of said imager printed circuit board opposite from said imagerand has its temperature controlled via a thermoelectric device of saidcamera module.
 6. The camera module of claim 5, wherein saidthermoelectric device is electrically powered to draw heat from saidthermal element.
 7. The camera module of claim 6, comprising atemperature sensor disposed in said camera module, wherein saidthermoelectric device operates responsive to an output of saidtemperature sensor.
 8. The camera module of claim 7, wherein saidthermoelectric device operates responsive to the output of saidtemperature sensor being indicative of a camera temperature being athreshold amount above or below a selected temperature.
 9. The cameramodule of claim 5, wherein said thermoelectric device changes thetemperature of at least said thermal element to adjust focus of imagesimaged by said lens at said imager.
 10. The camera module of claim 1,wherein said camera module is configured to be disposed at an exteriorportion of the equipped vehicle so as to have a field of view exteriorof the equipped vehicle.
 11. The camera module of claim 1, wherein saidrear camera housing portion comprises a heat sink.
 12. A camera modulefor a vehicular vision system, said camera module comprising: a lensbarrel having a lens comprising a plurality of optical elements fixedlydisposed at said lens barrel; a front camera housing portion configuredto receive an imager printed circuit board therein, wherein an imager isdisposed at said imager printed circuit board; wherein said imagerprinted circuit board is disposed at said lens barrel with said imageroptically aligned with an optical axis of said optical elements; a rearcamera housing portion mated with a rear portion of said front camerahousing portion so as to encase the imager printed circuit board in saidcamera module; wherein said imager printed circuit board is attached atsaid front camera housing portion to retain said imager in alignmentwith the optical axis of said optical elements of said lens; a thermalelement disposed between said imager printed circuit board and saidfront camera housing portion and that has a coefficient of thermalexpansion (CTE) of 10 ppm/° C. or less; wherein circuitry of said cameramodule is electrically connected to said imager printed circuit boardand is electrically connected to electrical connecting elements that areconfigured to electrically connect to a wire harness of a vehicleequipped with said camera module; and wherein said camera module isconfigured to be disposed at an exterior portion of the equipped vehicleso as to have a field of view exterior of the equipped vehicle.
 13. Thecamera module of claim 12, wherein said thermal element has a CTE of 7ppm/° C. or less.
 14. The camera module of claim 13, wherein saidthermal element has a CTE of 5 ppm/° C. or less.
 15. The camera moduleof claim 12, wherein said thermal element is bonded at said imager PCBvia an adhesive.
 16. The camera module of claim 15, comprising anintermediary material disposed between the adhesive and said thermalelement.
 17. A camera module for a vehicular vision system, said cameramodule comprising: a lens barrel having a lens comprising a plurality ofoptical elements fixedly disposed at said lens barrel; a front camerahousing portion configured to receive an imager printed circuit boardtherein, wherein an imager is disposed at said imager printed circuitboard; wherein said imager printed circuit board is disposed at saidlens barrel with said imager optically aligned with an optical axis ofsaid optical elements; a rear camera housing portion mated with a rearportion of said front camera housing portion so as to encase the imagerprinted circuit board in said camera module; wherein said imager printedcircuit board is attached at said front camera housing portion to retainsaid imager in alignment with the optical axis of said optical elementsof said lens; a thermal element disposed at a side of said imagerprinted circuit board opposite from said imager; a thermoelectric devicedisposed at said rear camera housing portion and electrically operableto adjust a temperature of a heat transfer element disposed between saidthermoelectric device and said thermal element; wherein said thermalelement has its temperature controlled via operation of saidthermoelectric device; and wherein circuitry of said camera module iselectrically connected to said imager printed circuit board and iselectrically connected to electrical connecting elements that areconfigured to electrically connect to a wire harness of a vehicleequipped with said camera module.
 18. The camera module of claim 17,wherein said thermoelectric device is electrically powered to draw heatfrom said thermal element.
 19. The camera module of claim 17, comprisinga temperature sensor disposed in said camera module, wherein saidthermoelectric device operates responsive to an output of saidtemperature sensor.
 20. The camera module of claim 19, wherein saidthermoelectric device operates responsive to the output of saidtemperature sensor being indicative of a camera temperature being athreshold amount above or below a selected temperature.
 21. The cameramodule of claim 17, wherein said thermoelectric device changes thetemperature of at least said thermal element to adjust focus of imagesimaged by said lens at said imager.
 22. The camera module of claim 17,wherein said camera module is configured to be disposed at an exteriorportion of the equipped vehicle so as to have a field of view exteriorof the equipped vehicle.
 23. The camera module of claim 17, wherein saidrear camera housing portion comprises a heat sink.
 24. The camera moduleof claim 23, wherein said heat transfer element is in thermallyconductive contact with said rear camera housing portion at said heatsink.